Pintalaskimotromboosin

Pintalaskimotromboosi, commonly referred to as superficial vein thrombosis, is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a superficial vein and is accompanied by inflammation of the vein wall. It most often affects veins in the leg, such as the great saphenous vein, and is distinguished from deep vein thrombosis, which involves deeper leg veins and carries a higher risk of pulmonary embolism.

Causes and risk factors include varicose veins, recent vein trauma or intravenous cannulation, immobilization after surgery, infections, pregnancy, estrogen-containing medications, obesity, smoking, cancer, and inherited or acquired clotting disorders. Certain occupations or activities that strain the legs can also contribute.

Symptoms typically involve localized pain, redness, warmth, and a palpable, tender cord along the affected superficial vein. Swelling may occur, but systemic illness is usually mild or absent. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, and duplex ultrasonography is used to confirm thrombosis in a superficial vein and to exclude concurrent deep vein thrombosis.

Treatment is generally conservative for mild cases. Measures include leg elevation, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain and inflammation, warm compresses, and compression stockings. Addressing underlying risk factors is important. Anticoagulation is not routinely required but may be considered if thrombosis is extensive or near the deep venous system, or if symptoms are significant, following relevant guidelines. Antibiotics are reserved for cases with secondary infection or cellulitis.

Prognosis is favorable for most individuals, with improvement over days to weeks. Recurrence can occur, particularly when risk factors persist.