POAG
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, leading to cupping of the optic disc and corresponding visual field loss. The disease features open anterior chamber angles and impaired outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. In POAG, intraocular pressure is often elevated, though some individuals have normal pressures (normal tension glaucoma). The condition is typically asymptomatic in early stages and progresses gradually.
Pathophysiology involves increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow, which raises intraocular pressure in many patients and
Diagnosis relies on detecting glaucoma-related changes before significant vision loss. Assessments include intraocular pressure measurement, examination
Management aims to lower intraocular pressure to slow or halt progression. First-line treatments are typically topical
Prognosis varies with baseline damage, pressure levels, adherence, and access to care. POAG is a leading cause