PCIebaserte

PCIebaserte, or PCIe-based, refers to computer hardware and systems that rely on the PCI Express interconnect to attach peripherals to the motherboard. PCIe is a high-speed, point-to-point serial interface designed to replace older parallel buses such as PCI and PCI-X, offering scalable bandwidth through multiple lanes and generations.

In a PCIe system, devices are connected as endpoints to the root complex via switches or directly. Lanes provide bidirectional data paths, and the number of lanes can be configured as x1, x4, x8, or x16 depending on the slot and device. The protocol supports hot-plugging, power management, and quality-of-service features, enabling flexible and efficient system design. PCIe devices communicate using a layered protocol stack, with transaction layers handling requests and completions, and a scalable fabric that can incorporate multiple devices and switches.

Common PCIebaserte devices include graphics cards, NVMe solid-state drives, network interface cards, storage controllers, and other accelerators used in servers and workstations. The technology underpins modern desktops, laptops, and data centers by delivering high bandwidth and low latency connections between the CPU and peripherals.

History and standardization: PCIe was developed by the PCI-SIG as the successor to PCI and PCI-X and has evolved through several generations, from 1.x to 5.x, with ongoing work to increase throughput and efficiency. Compatibility is a central design goal, allowing devices to operate in slots with fewer lanes or older generations, and for new nodes to interoperate with established PCIe ecosystems.