Nonpossession

Nonpossession is a stance or doctrine that emphasizes freedom from attachment to possessions and the minimization or renunciation of ownership beyond what is necessary. It is discussed in spiritual, ethical, and philosophical contexts as a form of detachment or simplicity, often contrasted with acquisitiveness or material excess.

The term is commonly translated from Sanskrit as aparigraha, literally meaning “non-hoarding” or “non-attachment.” In English-language scholarship, nonpossession is used to describe attitudes toward material goods that reject excessive accumulation while allowing for adequate livelihood and responsibility.

In Jainism, aparigraha is one of the five Mahavratas, central to the Jain ethical code. It is practiced by monks and encouraged among lay followers as restraint on possessions, sharing of resources, and reducing dependence on wealth. Hindu and Buddhist traditions also teach detachment from possessions and the fruits of action, treating non-attachment as a means to spiritual growth and liberation.

In modern usage, nonpossession appears in discussions of voluntary simplicity, minimalism, and ethical consumerism. Proponents argue that reducing ownership can lessen harm to others and the environment and promote a more sustainable way of living, often framing nonpossession as stewardship rather than outright abstention.

Critics note practical limits, arguing that some form of ownership is necessary for social and economic life, and that absolute nonpossession can be impractical or unjust in certain duties to family or community. Proponents typically emphasize intention, discernment, and gradual practice rather than absolute abstention.