Netzsegments

Netzsegments, or network segments, are portions of a computer network that share a common addressing space and a common broadcast domain. They are defined by logical or physical boundaries that separate traffic, typically using routers, layer-3 switches, or firewalls. In modern networks, segments are often realized as subnets (IP address ranges with a subnet mask) or as VLANs on a single physical network.

The primary purpose of Netzsegments is to improve performance by limiting broadcast traffic and to enhance security and manageability by enforcing policy at segment boundaries. Devices on the same segment can communicate directly at the data-link layer, while communication across segments requires routing or inter-segment gateways. This separation also supports easier troubleshooting and more precise security controls.

Designing Netzsegments involves determining the required throughput and traffic patterns, security requirements, and isolation needs. An addressing plan is created with appropriate subnet masks, and each segment typically has its own default gateway for inter-segment routing. VLANs allow multiple logical segments to coexist on a shared physical network, while 802.1Q tagging enables traffic separation without additional cables.

Typical deployments include segments for user devices, servers, printers, DMZs for public-facing services, and guest networks. Security and management are reinforced through access control lists, firewalls, intrusion detection at segment borders, and ongoing monitoring. Netzsegments relate closely to subnets, VLANs, and broadcast domains, balancing performance, security, and administrative control.