Multisport

Multisport refers to the practice of engaging in more than one sport or athletic discipline, either as a personal training approach or as the structure of organized events and clubs. Athletes pursue multisport to develop a broad range of physical qualities, reduce overuse injuries, and increase motivation through variety.

In competition, multisport formats combine two or more disciplines in a single event. The best-known example is triathlon, which traditionally includes swimming, cycling, and running. Other formats include duathlon (running and cycling), aquathlon (swimming and running), and modern pentathlon (fencing, swimming, equestrian show jumping, and shooting with a running element). In track and field, combined events such as the decathlon and heptathlon also belong to the multisport family. Adventure races may span navigation, running, cycling, paddling, and climbing, often over extended distances and terrains.

Training for multisport emphasizes cross-training, periodization, and sport-specific skills across disciplines. Practitioners coordinate endurance, power, technique, nutrition, and recovery to balance workloads and manage injury risk. Equipment and access considerations vary by sport, and successful multisport participation often requires time management and a structured plan.

Governance and events are overseen by multiple bodies depending on the discipline. World Triathlon, formerly the ITU, governs triathlon internationally; UIPM runs modern pentathlon; others oversee individual sports that participate in multisport formats. Community clubs and schools frequently offer multisport programs to introduce athletes to multiple sports and pathways to specialization.