Monasa

Monasa is a genus of neotropical birds known commonly as nunbirds, found in tropical forests from Central America through much of South America, with the greatest diversity in the Amazon Basin. They are part of the puffbird assemblage within the order Piciformes.

Species in the genus are medium-sized, with stout bodies and relatively large heads. Plumage is generally dark—often black or near-black—with some species showing contrasting white or pale markings on the face, throat, or front. The bill is strong and pointed, suited to catching prey by short, precise sallies from perches.

Ecology and behavior in Monasa typically emphasize arboreal foraging. Birds perch quietly and capture flying insects, spiders, and other small prey by dashing out to seize them in midair or from foliage. They are mainly resident, occupying forest edges, clearings, and mid- to upper-canopy levels. Monasa species are generally solitary or found in small family groups outside the breeding season.

Nest construction and breeding occur in tree cavities, often in abandoned holes made by woodpeckers or other cavity builders. Both parents participate in incubation and provisioning of the young. Clutch sizes are usually small, commonly two to three eggs.

Conservation status varies by species, but most Monasa populations are currently listed as Least Concern. Habitat loss and deforestation pose ongoing threats in parts of their range, particularly for species with restricted distributions.