Methamphetamin

Methamphetamine, sometimes spelled methamphetamin, is a potent central nervous system stimulant used medically in limited contexts and widely abused as a street drug. It is a phenethylamine derivative (chemical formula C10H15N) that can appear as a crystalline powder or as a clear crystal known as crystal meth or ice. The substance increases the release of and blocks the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, leading to heightened alertness, energy, and euphoria.

Medically, methamphetamine is approved in some countries at low doses for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, under strict controls. It is not a first-line treatment and carries a high potential for dependence and abuse, which limits its clinical use.

In nonmedical contexts, methamphetamine is often used by smoking, injecting, snorting, or swallowing. Short-term effects include increased wakefulness, concentration, and physical stamina, along with reduced appetite. Adverse effects can include rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, insomnia, anxiety, paranoia, and mood disturbances. Chronic use is associated with severe dental problems (“meth mouth”), skin sores, significant weight loss, cognitive and emotional changes, and an elevated risk of cardiovascular complications. Long-term use can lead to neurotoxic changes and persistent mental health issues.

Illicit production and distribution are illegal in most jurisdictions. Public health responses emphasize prevention, education, and treatment for methamphetamine use disorder, which typically relies on psychosocial therapies; no universally effective medication is approved for this condition, though research continues. Harm reduction and access to support services are important components of management.