snorting

Snorting, or nasal insufflation, is the act of inhaling a powdered substance through the nostrils so that it is absorbed by the nasal mucosa. This route often yields relatively rapid effects compared with oral ingestion and has been used for both legitimate medical substances and, in various contexts, recreational or illicit drugs.

Substances associated with snorting include cocaine powder, methamphetamine, and certain forms of heroin or prescription opioids when misused. Some powders such as caffeine or dietary supplements have been snorted, though this is uncommon and can carry health risks. In medical contexts, nasal insufflation has historical and limited contemporary uses for certain local anesthetics, but most modern medications intended for systemic effects are not administered by snorting.

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption occurs across the nasal mucosa, leading to faster onset than oral routes, but absorption is variable and can be affected by nasal health, congestion, and mucous flow.

Health effects and risks: Chronic snorting can damage nasal tissues, causing inflammation, chronic runny nose, nosebleeds, loss of smell, nasal septal perforation, and sinus infections. Repeated exposure to powdered substances can increase the risk of infections and dental problems. Systemic risks depend on the substance and can include cardiovascular events, seizures, and overdose, particularly with potent stimulants or adulterants such as fentanyl.

Legal and public health context: In many places, snorted drugs are illegal or regulated, and misusing prescription medications is illegal. Harm-reduction approaches emphasize not using alone, avoiding contaminated powders, and seeking medical help for nasal injury or signs of overdose.

History and notes: Nasal insufflation has historical roots in medical practice for certain drugs and in social use of stimulant powders. Public health responses address the risks through education, regulation, and treatment services.