MenschMaschineInterfaces

MenschMaschineInterfaces, abbreviated MMI, denotes the set of devices, software, and protocols that enable humans to interact with machines, processes, and systems. The term is used across industrial automation, consumer electronics, automotive interfaces, medical equipment, and building management. An MMI typically integrates input devices (buttons, switches, keyboards, touchscreens, voice), output devices (displays, indicators, alarms, speakers), and software that translates human actions into control signals and presents system status to the operator.

Modern MMIs often form part of a layered architecture including field devices, programmable logic controllers or embedded controllers, supervisory systems, and data visualization software. Common patterns include supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and human–machine interface software that runs on industrial PCs, panel-mounted terminals, or mobile devices. Open and vendor-specific communication standards (such as OPC UA, Modbus, CAN, or Ethernet-based protocols) enable data exchange between sensors, controllers, and MMIs.

Applications range from monitoring temperatures and processes in factories to operating robots, vehicle dashboards, and hospital monitoring systems. The evolution from analog control rooms to digital MMIs has accelerated with the rise of the Industrial Internet of Things, enabling cloud connectivity, remote supervision, and augmented reality-assisted operations. Current design emphasizes usability, reliability, safety, and cybersecurity, with attention to ergonomics, accessibility, and multilingual support.