Megophryidae

Megophryidae is a family of frogs in the order Anura, commonly known as megophryid frogs or Asian horned frogs. They are distributed across Asia, with species found from the Himalayas and parts of East Asia through Southeast Asia to Indonesia and southern China.

A hallmark of many megophryids is their flattened bodies and cryptic coloration that mimics leaf litter, helping them blend into forest floors. Several species bear horn-like extensions above the eyes or other projections that further break up their outline. They range in size from small to medium among frogs and exhibit diverse life histories, but most are terrestrial as adults and closely tied to moist forest habitats.

Habitat and behavior: Megophryids are primarily associated with forested environments, often near streams or damp leaf litter. Most are nocturnal and use camouflage to avoid predators. They tend to remain well-hidden during the day.

Reproduction and development: Breeding typically occurs in freshwater, especially streams or ponds. Eggs are laid in the water and hatch into aquatic tadpoles that later metamorphose into juveniles or adults.

Taxonomy: The family Megophryidae has undergone revisions as molecular data have refined frog relationships. It comprises several genera, and the exact circumscription varies among sources, with some taxa subsequently placed in related groups.

Conservation: Many megophryids are sensitive to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and water pollution. Several species are listed as threatened or of concern by conservation organizations.