Maratus

Maratus is a genus of jumping spiders in the family Salticidae. Commonly known as peacock spiders, the genus is primarily found in Australia, with several described species from New Guinea. They are small spiders that hunt by jumping on their prey rather than weaving webs.

Characteristics of Maratus include a marked sexual dimorphism. Females are typically drab in coloration, while males possess bright, iridescent coloration and, in many species, expanded abdominal flaps or panels used during courtship. These abdominal ornaments and other features vary between species and are often key to species identification. Members are generally small, with body lengths measured in a few millimeters.

Behavior and courtship are a defining feature of Maratus. Male peacock spiders perform elaborate displays to attract females, incorporating rhythmic leg waves, movements of the pedipalps, and the flashing of colored abdominal fans under suitable light. These displays can be species-specific and may include ultraviolet reflections, making visual signaling a central element of mate selection.

Taxonomy and diversity are active areas of study. The genus contains a relatively large and continually expanding number of described species, owing to ongoing field work and taxonomic revisions. Descriptions and redescriptions often emphasize male display morphology, coloration patterns, and genitalia for accurate identification.

Habitat and ecology vary among species but typically include open scrub, grassland, and forest edge environments. Maratus spiders are diurnal and prey on small insects, using their agility and vision to hunt. Their distinctive courtship displays have made them popular subjects in public science media and studies of sexual selection.