Makulaatroopia

Makulaatroopia, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a condition that affects vision. It is a leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50. The macula is a small, central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision, which is needed for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. When the macula is damaged, central vision can become blurry or lost.

There are two main types of AMD: dry AMD and wet AMD. Dry AMD is more common and develops gradually as the macula thins and breaks down. It often causes mild vision loss initially. Wet AMD is less common but can cause more severe vision loss more rapidly. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood.

Risk factors for AMD include age, smoking, family history, cardiovascular disease, and a diet low in antioxidants. Early detection and management can help slow the progression of the disease and preserve vision. Regular eye exams are crucial, especially for individuals over 50.

Symptoms of AMD can include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty seeing in dim light, and a dark or empty spot in the center of vision. While there is no cure for AMD, treatments are available that can help slow its progression or manage symptoms. These may include anti-VEGF injections for wet AMD, lifestyle modifications, and nutritional supplements.