Makró

Makró is a term used to describe a rule or sequence that expands into a larger set of instructions to automate repetitive tasks within software. The concept is used across many computing environments to reduce manual work and improve consistency. A makró may be created by recording a sequence of actions, by writing code that expands into a series of instructions, or by using language features that transform input code into new code.

There are several types of makró. Keyboard macros record and replay keystrokes and mouse actions. Office macros, typically implemented with VBA in applications such as Excel or Word, automate data processing and document formatting. Preprocessor macros in programming languages like C and C++ expand code at compile time. Lisp and some other languages provide macro systems that manipulate code as data during compilation or interpretation.

Common uses include automating repetitive data entry, formatting, batch edits in text or code, and generating repetitive code patterns. Examples: a spreadsheet macro that cleans and restructures data; a text editor macro that applies a series of edits; a compiler macro that generates boilerplate code.

Security and safety: macros can execute arbitrary code, which makes them a frequent attack vector in documents and scripts. Environments often restrict macros from untrusted sources, require digital signatures, or disable them by default.

History: macro concepts date to early computer science and assembly languages, where macro processors and expansion rules allowed higher-level abstractions and repetitive code to be written once and reused.

See also: scripting, automation, keyboard macro, preprocessor, VBA.