scripting

Scripting refers to the practice of writing small programs, called scripts, to automate tasks or extend the capabilities of existing software. Scripts are typically written in high‑level, interpreted languages and run from an interpreter or within a host application, rather than being compiled into standalone executables. Scripting languages emphasize rapid development, simplicity, and the ability to glue together different software components.

Scripts are used to automate repetitive tasks, manipulate data, configure systems, and control other programs. They are common in system administration, software build processes, data processing, and application automation. In many environments, scripting provides a flexible and interactive way to prototype ideas and customize behavior without heavy software development cycles.

Languages commonly associated with scripting include Bash and other shell languages for operating systems, Python, Perl, Ruby, JavaScript, Lua, and PowerShell. Web scripting predominantly uses JavaScript to run code in browsers, while server-side scripting may employ Python, PHP, Ruby, or Node.js. Embedding scripts within larger applications is also widespread, allowing users to customize features without altering the core program.

While scripting enables fast, portable solutions and easier maintenance for small to medium tasks, it can be slower at runtime compared to compiled languages and may raise security concerns when scripts have broad access or run with elevated privileges. The line between scripting and general programming is fluid, with many languages serving both roles depending on use case.