Magnetresonansbildteknik

Magnetresonansbildteknik, often abbreviated as MRT or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in English, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique used to visualize internal structures of the body. It utilizes strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional images. Unlike X-rays or CT scans, MRT does not involve ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for repeated examinations, particularly for sensitive populations like pregnant women and children.

The principle behind MRT lies in the behavior of atomic nuclei, specifically hydrogen nuclei, which are abundant in the body's water and fat molecules. When placed in a strong magnetic field, these nuclei align. Radiofrequency pulses are then applied, temporarily knocking these nuclei out of alignment. As they realign with the magnetic field, they emit radio signals that are detected by the MRT scanner. Different tissues emit signals of varying strengths and at different rates, allowing the computer to construct detailed images based on these variations.

MRT is highly effective in distinguishing between different types of soft tissues, such as muscle, fat, and organs, making it invaluable for diagnosing a wide range of conditions. It is commonly used to examine the brain, spinal cord, muscles, ligaments, and internal organs. Specific applications include detecting tumors, evaluating injuries, diagnosing neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis, and assessing heart conditions. The procedure is generally painless, though some patients may experience claustrophobia in the scanner and may be offered open MRI machines for comfort. Contrast agents can sometimes be administered to enhance the visibility of certain structures or abnormalities.