Lortodonzia

Lortodonzia, more correctly ortodonzia in Italian, is the dental specialty that focuses on diagnosing, preventing, and correcting malocclusions and jaw abnormalities. The aim is to achieve a functional bite, stable occlusion, and improved aesthetics, while supporting oral hygiene and speech.

Practices include evaluation of growth and development, treatment planning, and long-term monitoring. In children, interceptive approaches may guide facial growth; in adolescents and adults, comprehensive tooth and bite correction is common. Treatments are tailored to individual needs.

Common methods include fixed appliances (metal or ceramic braces), clear aligners, removable appliances, and, in some cases, lingual braces on the tongue-facing surfaces. Growth-modifying devices such as expanders, functional appliances, and, for severe discrepancies, orthognathic surgery may be used.

Diagnostics rely on clinical examinations, photographs, dental scans or impressions, and radiographs, including cephalometric X-rays and 3D imaging, to plan tooth movements and monitor progress.

Treatment duration varies, typically from 12 to 36 months, with a retention phase using retainers to maintain results.

Outcomes usually include improved occlusion, function, and facial aesthetics. Risks include caries or decalcification from poor hygiene, root resorption, relapse, and temporary discomfort.

Professionally, lortodonzia/ortodonzia is practiced by orthodontists, dental specialists who complete advanced residency training. Care often involves collaboration with pediatric dentists, periodontists, and maxillofacial surgeons.