Laposfej

Laposfej, commonly referred to as flat head syndrome, is a skull shape deformity most often seen in infants. It describes flattening of the occipital region of the skull and may be accompanied by cranial asymmetry (positional plagiocephaly) or generalized brachycephaly. The condition occurs when a baby spends extended periods lying on the back, allowing one area of the skull to flatten while the bones are still soft.

Most cases are non-synostotic plagiocephaly, meaning the skull sutures are not prematurely fused. In rare cases, an abnormal head shape may result from craniosynostosis, a condition requiring different management because it involves early suture closure.

Risk factors include prolonged back-lying, limited neck mobility such as torticollis, prematurity, low birth weight, multiple births, and certain in utero positions. Signs include visible flattening at the back of the head and sometimes asymmetry of the ears or eyes. Diagnosis is based on physical examination and medical history; imaging is reserved for suspected craniosynostosis or unclear cases.

Treatment focuses on non-surgical measures for non-synostoticlaposfej. These include increased supervised tummy time, careful repositioning of the head during sleep and awake time, and minimizing extended periods in car seats or swings. Physical therapy may help if torticollis is present. In moderate to severe cases, cranial helmet therapy (cranical orthosis) may be considered during infancy, usually before 12–18 months. Surgery is rarely necessary and only indicated for craniosynostosis or other rare structural issues.

Prevention centers on early tummy time, varied handling and positioning, and avoiding prolonged periods in the same position. Overall prognosis is favorable, and most children’s skull shape improves with growth, with no impact on cognitive development in typical cases.