Kompjuterizimi

Kompjuterizimi, in Albanian, denotes the process of integrating computer-based technologies into operations, services, and governance to replace or augment manual processes, enabling data processing, automation, and digital workflows. It encompasses hardware, software, networks, data management, and organizational change.

History and drivers: The phenomenon began in the mid-20th century with mainframes, became widespread through the 1980s PC era, the 1990s client-server model, and the 2000s with internet and enterprise software. The 2010s brought cloud computing, mobile access, and data analytics, further accelerating adoption. Key drivers include productivity gains, accuracy, speed, and decision support, along with new capabilities such as e-services, e-government, ecommerce, and digital records. Global spread varies by income levels, infrastructure, and policy environments.

Scope and sectors: Kompjuterizimi applies to manufacturing, finance, healthcare, education, public administration, media, and services. It is realized through integrated ERP systems, supply-chain and customer-management platforms, data centers, cloud services, and automation, often augmented by AI-assisted processes. It also involves digitizing records, workflows, and communications to enable faster and more transparent operations.

Impacts and challenges: The process can improve efficiency, accuracy, transparency, and service delivery, but it also raises concerns about job displacement, cybersecurity, privacy, data governance, and skills gaps. Successful implementation typically requires investment, change management, standards, interoperability, and ongoing governance.

Future outlook: The trend continues toward AI-driven automation, edge computing, and ubiquitous connectivity, with emphasis on governance, ethical use, resilience, and inclusive access to reduce the digital divide.