Kobbertråder

Kobbertråder, or copper wires, are electrical conductors made primarily from copper and used to carry electrical power and signals. Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, ductility, and resistance to corrosion, making it a standard material for electrical wiring and circuits. Wires may be bare or insulated, depending on their intended use.

Wires come in solid and stranded forms. A solid copper conductor is a single, rigid rod suitable for fixed installations, while a stranded conductor consists of many small copper strands bonded together to improve flexibility and resistance to fatigue. The conductor can be drawn to different cross-sectional areas, measured in square millimeters (mm²) or in standard wire gauges (such as AWG in the United States). The choice between solid and stranded wire depends on the application, voltage, and environmental conditions.

Insulation is added to copper wires to prevent short circuits and protect users. Common insulating materials include PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyethylene (PE), and XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) for power and distribution cables, while magnet wires used in transformers and inductors are enamel-coated. Some cables include additionallayers such as shielding or an outer jacket for mechanical protection or environmental resistance. Insulation ratings specify voltage class, temperature tolerance, and flexibility requirements.

Typical applications include electrical distribution in buildings, internal wiring, automotive and aerospace systems, telecommunications, and electronics. Copper wires are manufactured to standards set by organizations such as IEC, EN, UL, and ASTM, with specified tolerances for diameter, cross-sectional area, insulation thickness, and performance under temperature.

Recycling is a major aspect of copper wires. Copper is highly recyclable with significant energy savings compared to primary production, and scrap copper is a common and valuable source for reuse.