Kesknägemist

Kesknägemist is an Estonian term describing impairment or loss of central vision, the part of the visual field used for detailed tasks such as reading and recognizing faces. In many cases, peripheral vision remains, and the overall field of view may be preserved.

Common causes include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema, macular hole, and central serous chorioretinopathy. Other retinal diseases and inherited macular dystrophies can also lead to kesknägemist. Systemic conditions such as hypertension or cardiovascular disease may contribute to retinal changes that affect central vision.

Symptoms typically involve blurred or distorted central vision, difficulties with reading or recognizing faces, and a reduction in contrast sensitivity. Straight lines can appear bent or distorted, a phenomenon known as metamorphopsia. People may notice a dark or empty area in the center of their vision.

Diagnosis is made by an eye care professional through a clinical examination and specialized tests. Visual acuity testing, the Amsler grid, and a dilated fundus examination are common first steps. Imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography help identify underlying retinal changes.

Treatment and management depend on the cause. Neovascular AMD may be treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, while other AMD forms may benefit from laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. Diabetes control, blood pressure management, and smoking cessation can help reduce progression risk. Low-vision rehabilitation and assistive devices aid daily activities, with lifestyle adjustments and regular monitoring essential for many patients.