fundus

Fundus is a term used in anatomy to designate the part of a hollow organ that is farthest from its opening, often taking a dome-like shape. The word comes from Latin fundus, meaning bottom or base. The concept is applied to several organs, most commonly the stomach, uterus, gallbladder, and eye.

In the stomach, the fundus is the upper, dome-shaped portion located above the level of the esophageal junction. It lies beneath the left hemidiaphragm and can harbor gas. This region is distinct from the body and antrum and is an important reference point in imaging and surgical planning.

In the uterus, the fundus is the superior portion opposite the cervix. The height of the fundus, measured from the pubic symphysis, is used in obstetrics to assess fetal growth and gestational age, especially during prenatal visits.

In the gallbladder, the fundus is the farthest part from the cystic duct. It forms the rounded, superior end of the gallbladder and is sometimes involved in clinical assessments of gallbladder disease.

In ophthalmology, the fundus refers to the interior posterior surface of the eyeball that is visible during ophthalmoscopic examination. It includes the retina, optic disc, and macula, and its health reflects both ocular and systemic conditions, such as diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy.

Fundus imaging, including fundus photography and fluorescein angiography, is used to document and evaluate the health of these areas, aiding diagnosis and monitoring across disciplines.