Kapalabhati

Kapalabhati, from Sanskrit kapala meaning skull and bhati meaning shining or purifying, is a yogic breathing technique commonly classified as a pranayama. It is sometimes taught as a kriya within Hatha yoga traditions and is associated with cleansing and energizing the body. The practice is known for its distinctive pattern of forceful exhalations through the nose, produced by rapid abdominal contractions, followed by passive inhalations.

Technique is typically explained as a short, active exhale cycle. The practitioner sits comfortably, with an upright spine. Exhalations are performed with a strong contraction of the lower belly, expelling air from the lungs, while inhalation occurs passively as the abdomen relaxes. A round contains many such breaths, and beginners often start with 30–60 seconds, gradually extending to several minutes. There are variations in tempo and emphasis, but the key distinguishing feature is the forceful exhale with a passive inhale, using abdominal muscles to drive the breath.

Effects and purpose are said to include improved ventilation of the nasal passages, increased mental alertness, and a sense of energized clarity. Physically, it can strengthen the abdominal muscles and stimulate circulation and digestion. Some practitioners report a warming sensation in the body due to heightened respiratory activity, though experiences vary.

Safety and contraindications are important. Kapalabhati is not advised for people with high blood pressure, heart disease, aneurysms, glaucoma, recent abdominal surgery, hernias, or certain respiratory conditions without medical supervision. It is generally recommended on an empty stomach and should be stopped if dizziness, headache, chest pain, or shortness of breath occurs. Pregnant individuals and those with severe pregnancy-related conditions should avoid the practice or consult a qualified instructor.