ICT

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an umbrella term for technologies that enable the handling and communication of information. It encompasses information technology (IT) such as computers and software, and communications technologies like networks, telecommunications, and broadcast services. ICT covers hardware (servers, desktops, mobile devices), software (operating systems, applications), data management and storage, networks (LAN, WAN, Internet), and the services built on them (cloud computing, web services, and digital platforms).

ICT is used across sectors: education, government, business, health, media, and personal life. It supports activities from word processing and email to online learning, telemedicine, e-commerce, and digital media. ICT enables faster communication, access to information, collaboration, and automation, contributing to productivity, economic development, and social inclusion.

Policy and challenges: ensuring affordable access, digital literacy, data privacy, and cybersecurity. The digital divide remains a concern, especially in underserved regions. Trends include mobile broadband, cloud services, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and 5G networks. ICT infrastructure—data centers, networks, and access points—forms the foundation for digital services, while ICT policy and regulation shape how these technologies are deployed. ICT4D (ICT for Development) focuses on applying ICT to improve education, health, governance, and economic opportunities in developing contexts. Professionals in the ICT field include system architects, software developers, network engineers, cybersecurity specialists, and IT support staff.