Hitsauksen

Hitsauksen is the Finnish term for welding, the process of permanently joining materials, usually metals, by heating to a molten state or by applying pressure, often with an added filler material. The result is a joint whose strength approaches that of the base materials when properly performed. Welding is used across manufacturing, construction, and fabrication.

Welding methods are broadly categorized into fusion welding, where base materials are melted, and solid-state welding, where the materials join below their melting points. Fusion welding includes arc welding (SMAW/MMA, MIG/MAG, FCAW, TIG), oxy-fuel gas welding, laser welding, and electron-beam welding. Solid-state techniques include friction stir welding, diffusion bonding, resistance spot welding, and ultrasonic welding. Shielding gases or flux protect the weld pool in many processes to prevent contamination.

Key factors in welding include joint preparation, fit-up, cleaning, and correct heat input. Filler metals may be used to add fill and tailor mechanical properties. Common joint configurations are butt, lap, T, and edge joints. Typical materials are ferrous and nonferrous metals; aluminum and stainless steel are common in modern fabrication. Applications span automotive, shipbuilding, machinery, and construction.

Quality and safety are essential. Weld defects such as porosity, cracks, or lack of fusion can compromise strength and require inspection, often with nondestructive testing. Safety concerns include burns, fumes, UV radiation, electric shock, and noise. Welding standards and welder qualifications, such as ISO and AWS codes, support consistent performance and documentation.