nonferrous

Nonferrous refers to metals and alloys that do not contain a significant amount of iron. The term contrasts with ferrous metals, which are iron-based. Most nonferrous metals are non-magnetic and exhibit high corrosion resistance, good electrical or thermal conductivity, and light weight, though properties vary widely.

The most common elements in nonferrous categories include copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, tin, nickel, titanium, and magnesium. Copper and aluminum are especially important for electrical and structural applications. Copper is highly conductive; aluminum is lightweight and resistant to corrosion.

Common alloys include brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper and tin), aluminum alloys, nickel-based alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys. These alloys expand the range of properties for diverse uses.

Manufacturing and recycling: Nonferrous metals are typically extracted from non-iron mineral ores and refined through smelting and electrochemical processes. They are widely recycled; scrap copper and aluminum are efficiently recovered, often with lower energy costs than primary production.

Applications: nonferrous metals are used in electrical wiring and motors, cookware, piping, packaging, aerospace and automotive components, coins, and corrosion-resistant parts for chemical processing.