Haworthia

Haworthia is a genus of small succulent plants in the family Asphodelaceae, native to southern Africa. The genus comprises roughly 90 to 100 species and numerous cultivars. Haworthias are generally rosette-forming and clump-forming, with leaves that vary from smooth to heavily tubercled. Some species have translucent, window-like leaf tips that allow light to reach photosynthetic tissue underground, notably H. cooperi and related taxa. Others exhibit zebra-like stripes or rough textures. Plants stay compact, with mature rosettes typically 2 to 6 inches in diameter, and offsets often form dense clumps.

Habitat and range: in the wild they occur on rocky outcrops, cliffs, and grassy slopes across southern Africa, including South Africa and parts of Namibia. They are adapted to arid conditions, with drought tolerance and a preference for bright light and good drainage.

Cultivation: Haworthias are popular houseplants and greenhouse subjects. They prefer bright light or some direct sun, especially in cooler climates, but harsh midday sun can scorch leaves. Use a well-draining succulent or cactus mix. Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry completely between waterings; they have a winter dormancy period and require less water in cooler months. They are relatively forgiving but susceptible to overwatering and root rot if kept in consistently moist soil. Temperatures typically range from 60 to 85 °F (16–29 °C); many species tolerate light frost but prolonged freezing should be avoided.

Propagation: easy by removing and replanting offsets (pups) or by leaf cuttings for certain species; seeds are also possible but slower. Pests include mealybugs, scale, and spider mites.

Uses and notes: valued for varied leaf textures and patterns, compact size, and hybrid cultivars; widely grown as ornamentals in pots and rock gardens.