Namibia

Namibia is a country in Southern Africa bordered by Angola to the north, Zambia and Botswana to the northeast and east, South Africa to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. The official language is English, with Afrikaans, German, and local languages such as Oshiwambo, Herero, and Nama widely spoken.

Covering about 824,000 square kilometers, Namibia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world, with a population of roughly 2.5 to 2.8 million. The landscape is diverse, featuring the Namib Desert along the coast, arid interior regions, and savannas in the northeast. Notable protected areas include Etosha National Park and the Namib-Naukluft National Park, which contains the famous dunes at Sossusvlei.

Historically, the region was inhabited by various ethnic groups before becoming German South West Africa in the late 19th century. After World War I it came under South African administration, and it gained independence in 1990. The SWAPO party has dominated politics since independence. Namibia operates as a presidential republic with a multiparty system; the President serves as head of state and government, and both the National Assembly and National Council form the legislative branch.

Economically, Namibia relies on mining (diamonds and uranium), agriculture, and tourism. The Namibian dollar is pegged to the South African rand. The country is known for its wildlife, conservation efforts, and expansive, arid-to-semiarid landscapes.