1629

1629 was a year of marked political and military developments in Europe and expanding European colonization. In the Holy Roman Empire, Emperor Ferdinand II issued the Edict of Restitution, which sought to restore Catholic property seized during the preceding decades and intensified the Thirty Years' War by alienating Protestant states.

In England, King Charles I dissolved Parliament for the first time in 1629, beginning his Personal Rule, also known as the Eleven Years' Tyranny. He governed without a representative assembly and raised revenue through nonparliamentary means, a policy that intensified tension between the Crown and Parliament in the years that followed.

In the Dutch Republic, the siege of 's-Hertogenbosch concluded in September 1629 with the Dutch capture of the fortress from the Spanish Netherlands. The victory strengthened Dutch positions in the southern Low Countries during the Eighty Years' War and reinforced the Republic’s strategic leadership in Northern Europe.

In North America, the Massachusetts Bay Company received a royal charter from Charles I in 1629, enabling Puritan migration to New England and laying the groundwork for the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s colonial government. The charter facilitated organizational and administrative structures that would shape early English colonial rule in the region.