Hasidic

Hasidism is a Jewish religious movement that arose in the 18th century among Ashkenazi Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ukraine. It emphasizes joyful, personal worship, a sense of God’s immanence in daily life, and heightened piety. Central to Hasidism is the leadership of a Rebbe, a spiritual guide and tzaddik who provides counsel, blessing, and a path to holiness for his followers. The movement began with the teachings of the Baal Shem Tov and was developed by later leaders such as the Maggid of Mezeritch, giving rise to distinct dynastic communities. It spread from Central and Eastern Europe to North America and Israel in subsequent centuries.

Practice and organization: Hasidic groups are typically structured around dynastic leadership and a network of yeshivas and synagogues. The movement stresses devekut (devotion) and joy in serving God, heartfelt prayer, song, and the study of Hasidic and Kabbalistic teachings. While adherents share core observance of Jewish law, groups differ in customs, prayer tunes, and dress. Distinctive attire for men often includes a white shirt, a long coat, and head coverings; many wear a shtreimel or other fur hat on Shabbat and holidays. Women dress modestly and often observe separation from secular life in everyday practice. Education for boys emphasizes Talmud and Hasidic teachings; girls’ schooling varies by community.

Demographics and relations: Hasidism is a major stream within Haredi Judaism. Its communities range from insular to outward-facing groups engaged in outreach, notably Chabad-Lubavitch. Attitudes toward Zionism and secular society vary: some groups, such as Satmar, are anti-Zionist, while others participate in Israeli public life and charitable work. Globally, Hasidic communities are concentrated in Israel and the United States, with smaller enclaves in Europe and elsewhere.

Notable groups: Prominent Hasidic movements include Chabad-Lubavitch, Satmar, Breslov, Ger, Belz, Vizhnitz, and Bobov, each maintaining its own customs, leadership, and educational networks while sharing core Hasidic emphasis on piety and a personal relationship with God through a Rebbe.