Rebbe

A rebbe is a Jewish spiritual leader within Hasidic Judaism. The term, drawn from the Yiddish word rebbe (grandfather or teacher), denotes the head of a Hasidic court or dynasty and may refer to a dynastic or non-dynastic leader who provides spiritual guidance to followers.

Role and functions typically include serving as a spiritual guide and teacher of Hasidic philosophy and, in some communities, Kabbalah. The rebbe blessing individuals, leading communal prayers, and presiding over lifecycle events. Socially, followers may gather at the rebbe’s table for inspirational talks, song, and instruction, a gathering known as a tisch in many Hasidic groups. The rebbe’s authority is both charismatic and doctrinal, shaping practice, customs, and community norms.

Organization and lineage often center on a rebbe and his court, with leadership commonly passing to a son or chosen successor. Notable examples include the Baal Shem Tov, regarded as a founder of Hasidism; the Lubavitcher (Chabad) dynasty, from Shneur Zalman of Liadi to Menachem Mendel Schneerson; and other major dynasties such as Satmar, Ger, and Belz. In some communities, the term rebbe may be used for influential leaders who are not part of a formal dynastic line. The rebbe role is distinct from rabbinic titles such as rav or rabbi, emphasizing personal spiritual guidance and communal leadership rather than halachic authority alone.

In modern Hasidic life, rebbes remain central figures whose teachings, correspondence, and decisions influence daily practice, education, and communal direction for adherents.