Halsschmerz

Halsschmerz, also known as a sore throat, is a common ailment characterized by pain, scratchiness, or irritation in the throat that often worsens when swallowing. It is typically a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a disease itself.

The most frequent cause of halsschmerz is viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza. Bacterial infections, like strep throat (caused by Streptococcus pyogenes), can also lead to sore throats, often presenting with more severe symptoms like fever and white patches on the tonsils. Other less common causes include allergies, dry air, irritants like smoke or pollution, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and in rare instances, more serious conditions.

Symptoms associated with halsschmerz can vary but commonly include a raw or burning sensation, difficulty swallowing, swollen tonsils, and sometimes a hoarse voice. Fever, headache, and body aches may accompany the sore throat, especially if it is caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and a review of symptoms. For suspected bacterial infections, a rapid strep test or throat culture may be performed. Treatment for halsschmerz largely depends on the underlying cause. Viral sore throats are typically managed with supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections and are not prescribed for viral causes. Home remedies like gargling with warm salt water, drinking warm liquids, and using lozenges can provide symptomatic relief. If symptoms are severe, persistent, or accompanied by high fever or difficulty breathing, medical attention is recommended.