ailment

An ailment is a bodily condition that disrupts normal functioning and is generally considered less precise or severe than a disease. The term is commonly used for minor, temporary, or uncertain medical problems, such as a headache, stomach upset, or a cold. By contrast, diseases are typically defined by specific pathophysiological processes, while illnesses describe the subjective experience of being unwell.

The word ailment derives from ail, meaning to trouble or afflict, with the suffix -ment. In everyday language it covers a wide range of conditions that medical professionals may describe as symptoms, syndromes, or disorders.

Ailments can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute ailments arise suddenly and usually resolve within days to weeks, such as a fever, sprain, or gastroenteritis. Chronic ailments last longer, often months or years, such as persistent headaches or arthritis, and may require ongoing treatment.

Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination, with additional tests as needed. Most minor ailments are managed with rest, hydration, symptom-relief medicines, and self-care. Persistent or worsening symptoms, or those with alarm signs such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or severe dehydration, warrant medical evaluation to exclude more serious conditions.

Prevention and prognosis: Preventive measures include vaccination where appropriate, good hygiene, safe practices, and managing risk factors such as sleep and nutrition. The prognosis for an ailment varies with cause and severity; many temporary ailments resolve completely, while chronic conditions may require long-term care.