Gerbillidae

Gerbillidae is a family of small to medium-sized rodents commonly known as gerbils. The taxonomic placement of this group varies among classifications. Some systems treat Gerbillidae as a distinct family, while others place gerbils as a subfamily (Gerbillinae) within Muridae. The family includes several genera, such as Gerbillus, Meriones, Psammomys, Rhombomys, Desmodillus, Tatera, and Gerbilliscus.

Gerbillidae species are native to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia, especially arid and semi-arid regions. They inhabit deserts, savannas, scrublands, and agricultural areas. Morphologically they are small to medium-sized rodents with slender bodies, long hind limbs, and tails that often end in a tuft. They have adaptations for water and heat conservation, including efficient kidneys and behaviors suited to dry environments. Many species are diurnal or crepuscular and are primarily ground-dwelling burrowers, living in complex tunnel systems when social.

The diet of gerbils is mainly seeds and plant matter, but some species take green vegetation and occasional insects. Water needs are generally low, with most moisture obtained from food, though they will drink water when available. Reproduction is typically rapid, with multiple breeding bouts in favorable conditions. Gestation lasts about three weeks, and litter sizes commonly range from 2 to 8 young.

In human contexts, several species are kept as pets and used in research, most notably the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). In the wild, habitat loss and climate change threaten some species, but many are currently listed as of least concern.