Gerberbestanden

Gerberbestanden are the set of Gerber files used to communicate the artwork of a printed circuit board (PCB) to a manufacturer. They encode the geometric information of copper layers, solder mask, silkscreen markings, and other non-assembly features, allowing a fabricator to produce the board. A typical set consists of separate files for each copper layer (top and bottom), solder mask openings, silkscreen, and one or more mechanical files for the board outline and drill holes. An Excellon drill file is usually supplied to specify hole sizes and positions.

Content and organization: In practice, Gerberbestanden include the copper Layer files (e.g., top and bottom), solder mask layers, and silkscreen layers, as well as mechanical layers for the board outline and drill guide. Additional files may carry fiducials, circuit-board text, or manufacturing notes. The corresponding drilling information is provided in a separate drill file. The files are often named and grouped by layer to match the fabricator’s CAM workflow.

Format and standards: The most common standard is RS-274X, a modern, self-contained Gerber format that embeds aperture definitions. Earlier RS-274-D relied on external aperture libraries. The Gerber X2 extension adds layer attributes and manufacturing metadata. File extensions vary by tool and shop, with .gbr, .gtl, .gbl, .gto, .gtp for layers and .drl for drill data.

Creation and verification: Gerberbestanden are generated by PCB design software such as KiCad, Altium, or Eagle. Before submission, they are typically checked with a Gerber viewer or CAM editor to ensure all layers align, the board outline is correct, and hole locations are complete. Properly prepared Gerberfiles are essential for accurate PCB fabrication.