gbl

GBL stands for gamma-butyrolactone, a lactone used as a versatile solvent and chemical synthesis intermediate. It is a colorless, viscous liquid that is highly hygroscopic and miscible with water and most organic solvents. Its chemical formula is C4H6O2 and its molecular weight is 86.09 g/mol.

In industry, GBL is employed as a solvent for coatings, resins, inks, and cleaning agents, and as a processing aid in the production of polymers and fragrances. It also serves as an important precursor in organic synthesis, including the production of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and various pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. GBL can be converted to GHB through chemical or biological processes, which underlies some regulatory controls.

Safety considerations for GBL focus on its potential health effects and misuse. Exposure can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation, and ingestion or inhalation can lead to dizziness, drowsiness, or more severe central nervous system depression, especially when combined with alcohol or other depressants. It is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in the body to GHB. Chronic exposure may pose organ-related risks. Safe handling typically requires adequate ventilation, protective gloves, and eye protection.

Regulation and control: because GBL can be converted to GHB, it is subject to regulatory controls in many jurisdictions. It is often listed as a regulated precursor or controlled chemical, with restrictions on sale, distribution, and possession, particularly for non-industrial uses. Licensing, reporting, or other compliance measures are common for suppliers and users handling larger quantities.

See also: gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, gamma-butyrolactone precursors.