Fractuure

Fractuure is not a recognized medical term; it is usually a misspelling of fracture. A fracture is a break or crack in a bone or, less commonly, in cartilage. Fractures can result from trauma or from diseases that weaken bone, such as osteoporosis.

Fractures are categorized by whether the skin is broken (open or closed) and by fracture pattern. Common patterns include transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, and segmental. Fractures can be displaced, with misalignment of bone ends, or non-displaced, where alignment remains intact. Some injuries extend into a joint and are termed intra-articular fractures.

Causes and risk factors include falls, vehicle crashes, sports injuries, and repetitive stress. Risk increases with age, osteoporosis, malignancy, prolonged corticosteroid use, and a history of previous fractures. Pathological fractures can occur when a disease process weakens bone and predisposes to breakage with minimal trauma.

Diagnosis typically begins with a clinical assessment and imaging. X-rays are the standard first step; CT scans provide detailed bone anatomy for complex injuries, while MRI assesses soft tissues and occult fractures when X-rays are inconclusive.

Treatment focuses on pain control, stabilization, and realignment as needed. Initial care often involves immobilization with a splint, followed by definitive treatment such as casting, closed reduction, or surgical fixation with hardware. Open fractures require wound cleaning and antibiotics to prevent infection.

Healing and prognosis depend on fracture type, location, age, and health. Most fractures heal in weeks to months with proper alignment and rehabilitation. Potential complications include nonunion, malunion, infection in open fractures, nerve or vessel injury, and post-traumatic arthritis. Rehabilitation programs restore function and strength.