Feliratozás

Feliratozás is the process of creating and applying textual representations for audiovisual content to convey spoken dialogue, narration, and sound effects. In Hungarian usage, the term commonly refers to subtitling for foreign-language films and television programs, but it also covers closed captions for accessibility as well as open captions embedded in the video. It is used in cinema, television, online video, and educational media.

Two main forms: open subtitles (nyílt felirat) that cannot be turned off, and closed captions (zárt felirat) that can be enabled or disabled by the viewer. Subtitles may also include speaker identification, sound effects, and non-speech information. Subtitling is performed in multiple languages (localization) and can be for translation or transcription.

Process: transcription of dialogue and narration, translation if needed, timing (time codes) and typesetting (placement, line length, line breaks). Outputs usually in common subtitle formats such as SRT, VTT, SUB or ASS, depending on platform. Quality control includes linguistic accuracy, timing sync, readability, and compliance with standards. Tools include Aegisub, Subtitle Edit, and professional software; increasingly, automated speech recognition is used to speed up workflows, followed by human review.

Accessibility and regulation: Captions improve accessibility for deaf and hard-of-hearing audiences and for viewers in noise-restricted environments. Many jurisdictions require or encourage captions for broadcasting and streaming content; platforms and distributors often publish subtitles in multiple languages to reach wider audiences.

Regional note: In Hungary, feliratozás is a standard term in media production, with professionals and studios specializing in localization for both domestic and international markets. Cross-border co-productions and streaming services have increased demand for multilingual subtitles and accessibility features.