hardofhearing

Hard of hearing is a term for partial hearing loss that makes it difficult to hear normal conversation, especially in background noise, while residual hearing remains. It is not a fixed label; many people identify as hard of hearing while also using hearing aids or other devices. It is not synonymous with being deaf, though some individuals have more severe losses.

Causes include aging (presbycusis), noise exposure, infections, ototoxic drugs, genetics, head injury, and diseases such as Menière’s. It can be present at birth or develop later.

Diagnosis is by audiological evaluation including pure-tone audiometry, speech discrimination, tympanometry. Evaluation also considers communication needs and functional impact.

Management involves amplification through hearing aids, which improve clarity but require adaptation. Other options include cochlear implants for some with more severe loss, bone-anchored devices, and assistive listening technologies (FM systems, infrared systems, telecoil loops). Communication strategies (speaking clearly, reducing background noise, visual cues) assist. Educational and workplace accommodations include captioning, sign language interpreters, and accessible communication.

Living with HoH can involve psychosocial aspects; early intervention and regular monitoring help. Rights and resources vary by country, but many jurisdictions provide protections and support through disability services and healthcare systems.