Elektrokrampf

Elektrokrampf is a German term that can denote the seizure produced during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or, by extension, the therapy itself. In many contexts, the word is historical, with modern usage favoring Elektrokrampftherapie or simply ECT.

Electroconvulsive therapy was developed in the 1930s by Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini. Early methods used relatively strong currents and no muscle relaxation, which caused more procedure-related trauma. Over time anesthesia and muscle relaxants were introduced, reducing risk. Today ECT is delivered under general anesthesia with brief electrical pulses, and it is considered a safe and effective treatment for specific psychiatric conditions when other treatments have failed or rapid improvement is needed.

Indications include severe major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, mania, catatonia, and certain psychotic illnesses. It is often considered when a rapid response is required (for example, severe depression with suicidal risk or pregnancy) or after inadequate responses to antidepressants or psychotherapy.

Procedure and delivery vary by patient and setting. ECT is performed in a hospital or clinic under anesthesia. A short-acting muscle relaxant is given to minimize movement. A brief electrical stimulus is applied via scalp electrodes to trigger a controlled seizure. A typical course comprises several sessions (commonly 6–12) over two to six weeks, with electrode placement (bilateral or unilateral) chosen based on the clinical context.

Efficacy and safety: ECT often yields rapid improvement for many patients, especially in treatment-resistant cases. Common side effects include transient memory impairment, confusion, headaches, and muscle soreness; most effects are temporary, though some memory gaps can persist, influenced by electrode placement and other factors.

See also Electroconvulsive therapy.