EWODbased
EWOD-based systems refer to digital microfluidic platforms that manipulate droplets on a planar array of electrodes using electric fields across a dielectric layer. By locally altering the wettability of a droplet’s contact surface, these systems can move, merge, split, and mix droplets, enabling programmable fluid handling on a compact chip.
Principle and construction: When a voltage is applied between an electrode and a counterelectrode through a
Operations and configurations: Open EWOD presents droplets directly on the surface, while closed EWOD sandwiches the
Applications and limitations: EWOD-based platforms are used in lab-on-a-chip and point-of-care diagnostics, chemical synthesis, environmental monitoring,