DriverLED

DriverLED, more commonly referred to as an LED driver, is an electronic device or circuit that powers LEDs while regulating current and/or voltage. Because LEDs are current-driven, a driver maintains a stable electrical condition to keep brightness consistent, protect the LEDs from surges, and extend component life. Drivers may also provide dimming and safety protections, and they influence overall system efficiency and thermal performance.

There are two main driver categories: constant-current and constant-voltage. Constant-current drivers deliver a fixed output current and adapt to varying input voltages or LED string lengths, which helps maintain uniform brightness and color. Constant-voltage drivers provide a fixed output voltage and are typically used with LED configurations that include internal current regulation or require external components to set current. Drivers can be linear, which dissipates excess power as heat, or switching, which is generally more efficient and compact. Dimming capabilities vary, with methods such as PWM (pulse-width modulation) or analog dimming, and compatibility with dimmers can be a consideration for installation.

Design and operation emphasize protections and reliability. Common features include overcurrent, short-circuit, overvoltage, and thermal protection, as well as surge resistance and EMC compliance. Efficiency, flicker, and thermal management are important in both fixture design and performance.

Applications span general lighting, architectural and street lighting, signage, automotive lighting, and backlighting in displays. Some drivers are dedicated external units, while newer fixtures may integrate the driver into the LED module. Standards and safety requirements for LED drivers often reference IEC and UL guidelines depending on the market.