Desmaninae

Desmaninae is a subfamily within the mole family Talpidae, comprising a small group of semi-aquatic insectivores found in Eurasia. The subfamily includes two living genera, Desmana and Galemys, which produce the extant species Desmana moschata (the Russian desman) and Galemys pyrenaicus (the Pyrenean desman). The fossil record includes additional extinct genera.

Desmans are adapted to a semi-aquatic and burrowing lifestyle. They possess a long, flexible snout, small eyes, dense fur, and large hind feet with webbing, while the tail is typically broad and serves as a paddle in water. The forelimbs are strong for digging, supporting both aquatic foraging and burrow construction. Their diet is mainly insectivorous, feeding on aquatic invertebrates, small crustaceans, and occasionally small fish.

Distribution and habitat: Desmaninae species inhabit rivers, streams, and wetlands across parts of Europe and western Asia. Desmana moschata ranges through portions of Russia and surrounding regions, while Galemys pyrenaicus is confined to the Pyrenees in Spain and France. They prefer habitats with clean, flowing water and suitable burrowing sites.

Behavior and reproduction: Desmans are generally shy and solitary outside the breeding season. They are adapted to diving and foraging underwater, often feeding along the water’s edge. Reproductive details vary by species, but both produce small litters after a seasonal breeding period.

Conservation: Both living desman species are threatened by habitat loss, water pollution, and human disturbance. The Pyrenean desman is listed as endangered by the IUCN, and the Russian desman is considered threatened in parts of its range. Conservation efforts emphasize habitat protection, pollution control, and population monitoring.

Taxonomy: Desmaninae is commonly treated as a subfamily within Talpidae (moles), though taxonomic classifications have varied across sources.