desman

Desman is the common name for two semi-aquatic, mole-like mammals in the family Talpidae: the European desman (Desmana moschata) and the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus). They are among the few strictly freshwater mammals in Europe and Asia, and they are adapted to life in rivers, streams, and wetlands. Distinctive for their aquatic adaptations, desmans have slender bodies, a long flexible snout, dense waterproof fur, small eyes, and a broad tail that acts as a paddle. Their hind feet are webbed, aiding swimming, and they rely on tactile whiskers to locate prey underwater.

Desmans inhabit clean, well-oxygenated water with abundant aquatic vegetation. The European desman ranges across river basins in eastern Europe to western Asia, while the Pyrenean desman is found in mountainous river systems in the Pyrenees of Spain and France. They typically live in burrows in riverbanks or among dense vegetation, coming to the surface mainly at night.

Diet consists mainly of aquatic invertebrates, insect larvae, crustaceans, and occasionally small fish. Foraging is practiced underwater with limited vision, guided by whiskers and sense of touch. Reproduction occurs seasonally, with small litters.

Conservation status is of concern: the European desman is listed as Endangered, and the Pyrenean desman as Vulnerable. Threats include habitat degradation, water pollution, river regulation, and predation by invasive species; conservation measures emphasize habitat protection, river restoration, and monitoring.