Demihumans

Demihumans are a category used in fantasy fiction and role-playing games to refer to intelligent humanoid races that are distinct from humans but share some ancestry or kinship. They typically possess unique physiologies, cultures, and social structures, and may live in parallel realms or remote regions. The term emphasizes a halfway designation between human and nonhuman, often implying mixed heritage, tradition, or classification in a game world or setting.

Examples commonly described as demihumans include elves, dwarves, halflings, and gnomes. In some settings or games, orcs, goblins, and other nonhuman sapients are also labeled as demihumans, though classifications vary by author and system. Some demihuman races have longer lifespans (e.g., elves), distinct social norms, or specialized abilities, while others are portrayed as culturally or physically distinct but equal in intelligence and autonomy.

Socially, demihumans may interact with humans as neighbors, rivals, or allies. Narratives explore themes of coexistence, prejudice, migration, and identity, sometimes framing humans as majority culture and demihuman minorities, other times presenting integrated multispecies communities.

Historically, the term arose in early fantasy literature and tabletop role-playing games, where it served as a practical label for diverse nonhuman peoples. Critics note that demihuman can reinforce essentialist stereotypes, and some authors prefer terms like nonhuman, fantasy races, or the specific race names. The usage and meaning of demihumans thus vary by setting and author.