elves

Elves are a class of supernatural beings widely found in European folklore and in modern fantasy literature. In traditional sources, they are often portrayed as powerful and magical beings connected with nature, fertility, and the woods. They can be benevolent guides or dangerous tricksters, depending on the tale and culture. The name "elf" derives from Old English ælf, related to the German Albe and the Norse alfar. Over time, the depiction of elves has varied from ethereal nature spirits to elegant, humanlike warriors.

In Norse and other Germanic myth, elves appear as Ljósálfar (light elves) and Dökkálfar (dark elves), with different social statuses and powers. Some traditions assign them an otherworldly realm such as Alfheim. They are often described as long-lived or immortal and capable of influencing human affairs, either through aid or misfortune. Medieval Christian writers sometimes treated elves as subcreatures of nature to be feared or reinterpreted as fairies or subhuman beings.

In modern fantasy, elves are a staple race characterized by heightened senses, prolonged lifespans, and aptitude in magic or craftsmanship. They are frequently depicted as agile, taller than humans, and with pointed ears, although physical traits vary by culture and author. The archetype ranges from noble, wise rulers to reclusive forest dwellers and sea cultures. Prominent examples in contemporary media have shaped many people’s perceptions of elves as an enduring, refined presence within imagined worlds.

Subtypes appear in many settings, including high elves, wood elves, and sea elves, with distinct societies, languages, and politics. In sources deriving from Norse myth, the dichotomy of light and dark elves persists in some forms. The elfin image continues to influence folklore studies, game design, and popular culture, reflecting evolving ideas about nature, beauty, and the unknown.