CybersicherheitsNachrüstungen

Cybersicherheit, also known as cybersecurity, is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, programs, and data from digital attacks, unauthorized access, and damage. It seeks to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability—the CIA triad—across information technology environments. The field covers technical controls, organizational processes, and human factors.

Threats include malware, phishing, ransomware, zero-day exploits, supply chain compromises, insider threats, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Attackers leverage social engineering, software vulnerabilities, weak configurations, and phishing to gain access or disrupt operations.

Defensive measures adopt defense-in-depth: technical controls such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption, and multi-factor authentication; secure configuration and patch management; identity and access management; secure software development life cycle; incident response and disaster recovery planning; regular security audits and vulnerability management.

Standards and governance: international standards such as ISO/IEC 27001, the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, and CIS Controls guide risk management. Roles include the chief information security officer (CISO) and security operations center (SOC). Compliance with privacy and data protection laws (e.g., GDPR) shapes practices, especially in handling personal data.

Impact and relevance: cybersecurity is critical for finance, healthcare, energy, and public services. Breaches can cause financial loss, operational disruption, and erosion of trust. The field evolves with cloud computing, mobile devices, IoT, and increasingly sophisticated threat actors, necessitating ongoing vigilance and education.