unauthorized

Unauthorized is an adjective used to describe actions, access, or use that is not approved, licensed, or otherwise permitted by the rightful owner, controller, or governing authority. It implies violation of consent, policy, or law, and is often contrasted with authorized acts or permissions.

In property and contract law, unauthorized acts can include trespass, entry without consent, or use of another’s resources without permission. Many jurisdictions treat unauthorized actions as torts or offenses, carrying civil liability or criminal penalties depending on context and severity. Clear authorization, consent, or licensing defines what is allowed and under what terms.

In information security and data protection, unauthorized access, disclosure, use, or modification of information is prohibited by laws, regulations, and security policies. Organizations implement controls such as authentication, access rights, and monitoring to prevent unauthorized activity. Violations can lead to regulatory penalties, contractual remedies, and potential criminal charges for more serious breaches.

In intellectual property, unauthorized copying, distribution, or public display of protected works may amount to infringement or piracy. Legal remedies include injunctions, damages, and accounting of profits, governed by copyright, patent, and trademark laws, as well as licensing agreements.

The term also appears in professional regulation, such as unauthorized practice of medicine or law, where individuals must hold recognized licenses and comply with professional standards. Sanctions can range from fines and probation to suspension or criminal charges, depending on jurisdiction and the specifics of the act.

In practice, “unauthorized” actions are distinguished from those that are duly authorized, licensed, or consented to, highlighting the importance of consent, control, and compliance across domains.