ConceptMapping

ConceptMapping is a knowledge representation technique that uses a network of concepts connected by labeled relationships to illustrate meaning within a domain. In a concept map, concepts are typically represented as nodes, and the links between them are labeled with connecting words or phrases that describe the relationship, forming propositions that express how ideas are related.

The method was developed by Joseph D. Novak and colleagues in the 1970s, drawing on Ausubel’s theory of meaningful learning. Concept maps emphasize explicit, semantically meaningful connections and a structure that can show both hierarchical organization and cross-links across subdomains. Maps are often produced starting from a focus question and evolve through iteration as understanding deepens.

Practice generally involves identifying key concepts, arranging them in a logical arrangement, and linking them with propositions such as “is a,” “causes,” or “depends on.” The process supports the articulation of tacit knowledge and can be used for assessment, instruction, or knowledge organization. Maps are evaluated for accuracy, coverage, clarity, and the strength of the connections between concepts.

Applications span education, where concept maps aid learning and evaluation, and research, where they model conceptual frameworks. They are also used in industry for requirements gathering, knowledge management, and problem-solving, as well as in science and engineering to map theories and processes. Tools range from paper-based methods to software applications that support collaborative creation and sharing of maps.

Benefits include making implicit knowledge explicit, promoting metacognition and critical thinking, and providing a visual representation of understanding. Limitations involve time investment, potential subjectivity in linking concepts, scalability challenges for large domains, and the need for training to create effective maps. Related approaches include mind mapping and semantic networks.