Coachning

Coachning is a structured, collaborative process in which a coach partners with an individual or group to improve performance, develop skills, and achieve specific goals. The practice emphasizes personal responsibility and action planning, rather than diagnosing psychological conditions or providing medical advice. It is distinct from therapy, which addresses past issues and mental health, and from mentoring, which often involves longer-term guidance from a more senior advisor.

The coaching process typically begins with a contract or agreement that clarifies aims, scope, confidentiality, and metrics for progress. Through a series of sessions, the coach uses active listening, powerful questioning, and constructive feedback to help the client explore options, expand self-awareness, and design concrete action steps. Progress is reviewed regularly, and adjustments are made to keep the client moving toward their goals. Common coaching techniques include reflective exercises, goal setting, and accountability structures.

Several model frameworks guide coachning, with the GROW model (Goal, Reality, Options, Will) and the OSCAR model (Outcome, Situation, Choices, Action, Review) being widely used. Coaches employ tools such as assessments, 360-degree feedback, and skill practice to support development. Ethical standards typically emphasize confidentiality, boundaries, and respect for the client’s autonomy.

Types of coachning include executive, leadership, and business coaching for organizations, as well as life, career, and performance coaching for individuals. Sports coaching represents another application, focusing on technique, strategy, and motivation. The evidence base for coachning shows generally positive effects on performance and well-being, though outcomes depend on the coach’s skill, the client’s readiness, and the clarity of goals.

Historically, coaching evolved from sports training and management development, becoming a mainstream method for skill enhancement and personal growth in the late 20th century and beyond.